Pullulanse is an enzyme that can be Produced by K.PNEUMONIAE, Bacillus acidopullulyticus and e few other Bacteria. This Enzme can brak pullulan biopolymer specifically and it is the most reliable method in this polymer detection. A suppernatant of K.Penamonia culture those cotains pullulanase used in detection and measurment of pullulan. At first, K.Penamonia was cultured in a preliminaty active nutrient agar containing pullulan (the enzyme specific substrate ) for 24 hours .Then 2ml of this culture was added to the 16ml of a culture media and it was incubated in 370 C and 120 rpm.The Enzymatic activity of this strain was determined at 5 hour intervals and the activity was seen after 10 hours the enzymatic activity of produced pullulanase measured according to released maltotrise in gram/lit, and 32.43g/l of maltotriose were release after 10 hours. The PH=5 and 400 C are the optimimum condition for enzymes activity.

Background: Today, with the development of human life and the overwhelming fall of antibiotics and uncontrolled bacterial resistance, the need to find materials with antimicrobial effects is felt more than ever. Nanotechnology has created a new opportunity to investigate the antimicrobial effects of nanomaterials. Materials & Methods: In this study, using hydrothermal and microwave auxiliary chemicals, polylactic acid / calcium oxide nanostructures were prepared and the physicochemical and microbial properties of these nanostructures were evaluated. Bacterial strains were obtained from the Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Iran, the collection center of industrial microorganisms. Results: Physicochemical characterization of optimized polylactic acid / calcium oxide nanostructures showed the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles on 3 strains gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus (PTCC 1110), Bacillus subtilis (PTCC 1023), Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC 1112) and 4 strains gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (PTCC 1330), Klebsiella pneumonia (PTCC 1053), Serratia marcescens (PTCC 1621), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PTCC 1074). In this study, the observed MIC (minimum growth inhibition concentration) observed for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranged between 0. 5

Background and Objective: Mycoproteins are produced by Fusarium venenatum through aerobic fermentation of carbohydrate substrates. The RNA content of the biomass produced is high and should, therefore, be reduced to less than 2% by heat treatment.The nutritional value of mycoproteins is very high: the cell walls of the hyphae, the cell membranes, and the cytoplasm are sources of dietary fiber, polyunsaturated fat, and high-quality protein, respectively. In this study the possibility of the production of mycoprotein by Fusarium oxysporum in the laboratory was investigated and the optimum fermentation conditions for the highest production efficiency (yield) were determined.Materials and Methods: Aerobic fermentation was carried out on a Vogel medium at different tempratures, agitation speeds, levels of glucose as the carbon source, and levels of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the nitrogen source. In order to reduce the ribonucleic acid content to an acceptable level, heat treatment at 65˚C for 15 min was used.Results and Discussion: The findings showed that the optimum fermentation conditions for mycoprotein production by Fusarium oxysporum were 25˚C, 150 rpm, a glucose concentration of 5 g/l, and an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate concentration of 3.4 g/l. The mycoprotein obtained contained approximately 42 % crude protein, and the heat treatment caused a reduction of the ribonucleic acid content from 7% to less than 1%.

Background and purpose: The genus Phlomis and Stachys (Labiatae) are widely distributed in Iran. There are no reports on the antimicrobial activity of some of these plants. The medicinal properties attributed to the genus Phlomis and Stachys prompted us to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of Phlomis bruguieri, P. herba-venti, P. olivieri, Stachys byzantina, S. inflata, S. lavandulifolia and S. laxa.Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of these plants were studied using the disc diffusion method (10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/disc) and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (10 mg/ml to 25 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1112, Streptococcus sanguis PTCC 1449, Escherichia coli PTCC 1330, Pseudomonas aeroginosa PTCC 1074, Klebsiella pneumoniae PTCC 1053, Aspergillus's Niger PTCC 5011 and Candida albicans PTCC 5027.Results: The methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Phlomis bruguieri, P. herba-venti, P. olivieri, Stachys byzantina, S. inflata, S. lavandulifolia and S. laxa exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The methanolic extracts were more active against Gram-positive microorganisms (Streptococcus sanguis and Staphylococcus aureus). The extracts did not show any antifungal activity.Conclusion: The results concluded that the methanolic extracts of these plants have a potential source of antibacterial of natural origin.

Bacitracin as a polypeptide with antimicrobial properties produces by different Bacillus spp. that, they play an important role in medicine and veterinary. The aim of this research was optimizing nutrition and environmental conditions for optimal production of bacitracin by Bacillus licheniformis PTCC 1721 using one factor at time and Taguchi method. In this study the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources, initial pH, inoculum size and and incubation times were evaluated. The results were showed the best carbon and nitrogen sources for bacitracin production were glucose, glumatic acid and peptone, respectively. The optimal pH and incubation period were pH=7 and 48 hours, respectively. The amount of produced bacitracin were 200.174 and 422.639 u/ml-1 before and after of media component optimization using taguchi method respectively. In the base of results, bacitracin production was increased about 2-fold after optimization.